What is the colon: The large intestine is called the colon and the rectum is the last part of the colon and the colon extends from the right side of the lower abdomen from the cecum then the ascending colon then the transverse colon then the descending colon then the sigmoid colon in the shape of the letter (S) then the rectum then the anus. Colon function: 1. Forming stool from the remaining excess fluids and nutrients and thus forming a solid mass of stool. 2. Converting some nutrients and vitamins to be absorbed by bacteria living in the colon. Symptoms of colon cancer: 1. There may be no specific symptoms in the early stages. 2. Constipation or diarrhea. 3. Feeling that the intestines are not completely empty. 4. Presence of blood in the stool. 5. Recurring abdominal pain. 6. Fatigue, weakness and weight loss without cause. 7. Nausea - Vomiting - Bloating. 8. Intestinal obstruction in late stages. 9. Colon rupture and acute peritoneal inflammation. Diagnosis: 1. Fecal occult blood test. 2. CT scan or MRI of the intestine. 3. Colonoscopy. 4. X-ray with dye through the rectum. • Colon cancer is the most common among people and the most deadly cancer. • It is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common cancer in men. Causes: There is no specific cause, but there are several factors that increase the risk of infection, which are:- 1. Smoking. 2. Alcohol. 3. A diet rich in processed meats and preservatives. 4. The presence of polyps (POLYPS), which are growths that grow on the inner wall of the intestine. 5. A personal history of cancer. 6. Genetic defect. 7. Inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Treatment: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation Prevention: 1. Quit smoking and alcohol. 2. A healthy, balanced diet. 3. Eat more vegetables and fiber. 4. Changing the wrong lifestyle. 5. Eating regular exercise. 6. Periodic examination for those most at risk.